A bistable relay is a type of electromagnetic relay that operates using two stable states, which allows it to retain its position without continuous power. This feature makes bistable relays an energy-efficient and cost-effective solution for various applications, especially where minimizing power consumption is crucial. Unlike traditional relays that require constant power to remain in a particular state, bistable relays can switch between two states with a short pulse and remain in one state until another pulse is applied. This ability to "latch" into a position makes them ideal for applications that require memory functionality, low power consumption, and reliable performance.

    Bistable relays operate based on two distinct states—each representing either a "normally open" or "normally closed" condition. The transition between these states is controlled by a pulse, which activates the electromagnet. When the pulse is applied, the relay switches from one state to the other, either closing or opening a set of contacts. Once the pulse ends, the relay remains in the new state without needing any further power input. This unique characteristic is in stark contrast to traditional relays, which require continuous current to keep the relay activated.