A 12V relay is an electromagnetic switch that uses a 12V DC voltage to control the switching of a load circuit. The relay contains a coil of wire, which, when energized by the 12V signal, generates a magnetic field. This magnetic field causes the relay’s contacts to either open or close, depending on the design. The low-power 12V input signal is typically controlled by a microcontroller or an external switch, and the relay allows the user to switch on or off a much higher power circuit, such as a motor or lights.

    There are different types of relays, but the 12V relay is one of the most commonly used due to its simplicity and efficiency in circuits where 12V DC power is readily available. These relays are essential in automating systems where direct manual control of high-power circuits would be impractical or unsafe.